*** Entailment *** (a) If Gamma |= phi and Delta |= phi then Gamma INT Delta |= phi False. Take, e.g., Gamma = {a} Delta = {b} phi = a | b Clearly, Gamma |= phi and Delta |= phi, however Gamma INT Delta = {}. Therefore it is not true that Gamma INT Delta |= phi, since phi is not a tautology. (b) If Gamma |= phi and Delta |= phi then Gamma UNION Delta |= phi True. Models(Gamma UNION Delta) = Models(Gamma) INT Models(Delta) \subseteq Models(Gamma) Besides, Models(Gamma) \subseteq Models(phi) because Gamma |= phi. Therefore Models(Gamma UNION Delta) \subseteq Models(phi) q.e.d. (c) If Gamma |= phi and Delta |# phi then Gamma UNION Delta |= phi True. Same proof as in (b). (d) If Gamma |# psi then Gamma |= ~psi. False. Take, e.g., Gamma = {a} psi = b Clearly, {a} |# b. However, {a} |# ~b. (e) If Gamma |= ~psi then Gamma |# psi. True. Models(Gamma) \subseteq Models(~psi). Models(psi) INT Models(~psi) = {} Therefore Models(Gamma) INT Models(psi) = {}, then it is not true that Models(Gamma) \subseteq Models(psi) (unless Gamma is a contradiction, because in that case Models(Gamma)={} and Gamma entails both psi and ~psi).